Table 1 |
|
Risk factors for suicide in schizophrenic outpatients and inpatients (modified from [9]) |
| White, young, male (often under 30 years) |
| Unmarried |
| High premorbid expectations |
| Gradual onset of illness |
| Social isolation |
| Fear of further mental deterioration |
| Excessive treatment dependency |
| Loss of faith in treatment |
| Family stress or instability |
| Limited external support |
| Recent loss or rejection |
| Hopelessness |
| Deteriorating health |
| Paranoid schizophrenia |
| Substance abuse |
| Deliberate self-harm |
| Unemployement |
| Chronicity of illness with numerous exacerbation |
| Family history of suicide |
| Pre-admission and intra-admission suicidal attempts |
| Agitation and impulsivity |
| Fluctuating suicidal ideation |
| Extrapiramidal symptoms caused by medications |
| Prescription of a greater number of neuroleptic and antidepressants |
| Increased length of stay, increased number of ward changes, discharge planning and period following discharge |
| Period of approved leave |
| Apparent improvement |
| Past and present history of depression |
| Frequent relapses and rehospitalization |
| Longer hospitalization periods than other psychiatric inpatients |
| Negative attitudes towards medication and reduced compliance with therapy |
| Living alone before the past admission |
| Charged feelings about their illness and hospital admission |
| Early signs of a disturbed psychosocial adjustment |
| Dependence and incapability of working |
| Difficult relationship with staff and difficult acclimation in ward environment |
| Hospitalization close to crucial sites (big roads, railway stations, rivers, etc). |
Pompili et al. Annals of General Psychiatry 2007 6:10 doi:10.1186/1744-859X-6-10 |
