Table 2

Mental status of 1090 heroin addicts at beginning of the treatment


Total n (%)
Males n = 831
Females n = 259
Chi-square
p Value

Awareness of illness
376 (34.5)
295 (35.5)
81 (31.3)
1.56
0.21
Consciousness disturbance
70 (6.4)
51 (6.1)
19 (7.3)
0.47
0.49
Memory disorders
139 (12.8)
98 (11.8)
41 (15.8)
2.89
0.08
Anxiety state
437 (40.1)
315 (37.9)
122 (47.1)
6.95
0.008
Depression
499 (45.8)
359 (43.2)
140 (54.1)
9.37
0.002
Sleep disturbances
374 (34.3)
274 (33.0)
100 (38.6)
2.78
0.09
Eating disturbances
173 (15.9)
104 (12.5)
69 (26.6)
29.50
<0.001
Psychomotor excitement
262 (24.0)
186 (22.4)
76 (29.3)
5.24
0.02
Violence
230 (21.1)
159 (19.1)
71 (27.4)
8.13
0.004
Suicidality
97 (8.9)
64 (7.7)
33 (12.7)
6.18
0.012
Delusions
76 (7.0)
50 (6.0)
26 (10.0)
4.92
0.02
Hallucinations
51 (4.7)
34 (4.1)
17 (6.6)
2.70
0.09

Maremmani et al. Annals of General Psychiatry 2007 6:31   doi:10.1186/1744-859X-6-31