Table 2

Patient psychometric data

Group
HADS
HADS depression
HADS anxiety
BDI
STAI state
STAI trait

Patients (Inpatients + Outpatients)
14.0 (7.9)*
7.3 (4.4)*
6.6 (4.5)*
12.3 (8.4)
43.1 (12.7)
38.5 (11.6)
Inpatients
12.6 (7.9)†
7.3 (4.7)
5.2 (4.2)
10.8 (7.2)
40.4 (12.3)
34.0 (9.4)
Outpatients
16.1 (7.4)†
7.3 (3.8)
8.7 (4.3)†
14.7 (9.5)
48.0 (12.1)
46.7 (10.9)
Controls
9.1 (6.1)*†
3.9 (3.1)*†
5.1 (3.7)*




Total
11.4 (7.4)
5.5 (4.1)
5.8 (4.2)




ANOVA, analysis of variance; BDI, Beck Depression Inventory; HADS, Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale; STAI, State-Trait Anxiety Inventory.

*p < 0.001 in t test patients vs controls; † p < 0.001 in ANOVA inpatients vs outpatients vs controls.

Michopoulos et al. Annals of General Psychiatry 2008 7:4   doi:10.1186/1744-859X-7-4